//dailycaller.com/2019/01/20/doj-purdue-pharma-opioid-sackler/

TOP DOJ OFFICIAL REPORTEDLY HELPED KEEP OPIOID EXECUTIVES FROM PRISON. SHE’S SINCE DEFENDED PHARMA AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT

8:32 PM 01/20/2019 | INVESTIGATIVE GROUP

Ethan Barton | Senior Editor

The head of the Justice Department’s criminal division during the George W. Bush administration reportedly opposed pursuing felony charges against pharmaceutical company executives for downplaying OxyContin’s dangers.
Top DOJ officials similarly rejected a prosecutor’s recommendation to file felony charges after they met with executives from Purdue Pharma and their defense team, according to The New York Times.
Members of the Sackler family, who own Purdue Pharma, sought to mislead the public about abuse surrounding OxyContin, a lawsuit alleges, citing company emails and other documents.

The head of the Justice Department’s criminal division under President George W. Bush reportedly opposed levying felony charges against executives of a pharmaceutical company that’s widely blamed for helping start the opioid epidemic.

She has since joined a private law firm and has successfully defended pharmaceutical companies against government investigations.

A federal prosecutor recommended the felony indictments, which could have resulted in jail time if convictions were secured, but the DOJ officials rejected the notion after meeting with the Purdue Pharma executives and their defense team, according to The New York Times. It’s unclear if the criminal division chief attended that meeting.

Over 12 years later, it’s still unknown which senior officials attended that meeting, who rejected the indictment recommendations, and why they were rejected. Local and state governments have since mounted hundred of lawsuits against Purdue alleging the company downplayed the dangers of its blockbuster opioid, OxyContin.

The DOJ declined to comment on this story.

Purdue representatives lobbied top DOJ officials on multiple occasions during the Bush administration, according to news reports and congressional testimony. Future FBI Director James Comey was involved in one instance, and Rudy Giuliani, who now serves as President Donald Trump’s attorney, was tied to another.

The prosecutor who recommended felony indictments against Purdue executives found he was recommended for termination after a third instance that occurred hours before Purdue accepted a plea deal that was offered in lieu of felony charges.

Opiods in pill, powder and syringe on chalkboard with rolled twenty dollar bills. (Shutterstock/ karenfoleyphotography)

As part of the plea deal, Purdue and three executives conceded they downplayed OxyContin’s addictiveness and collectively paid a historic $635 million in fines in 2007. No one saw jail time.

Meanwhile, more than 200,000 people have died from overdoses involving prescription opioids since OxyContin was launched in 1996, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Purdue is privately owned by the Sackler family, whose wealth skyrocketed after OxyContin sales raked in $35 billion over a 20-year period, giving the family a $13 billion net worth and making them the 19th richest in the U.S. in 2016, according to Forbes. (RELATED: ‘Joy’ And ‘Fury’: Artist And Activist Nan Goldin Reacts To The Met’s Statement About Taking Opioid Money)

Massachusetts was one of the states to file a lawsuit against Purdue in 2018, but it uniquely named eight members of the Sackler family. A recent complaint cites documents indicating the Sacklers headed a campaign to deceive doctors about the dangers of OxyContin and passed blame of negative press onto addicts.

“The launch of OxyContin tablets will be followed by a blizzard of prescriptions that will bury the competition,” Richard Sackler, the son of a Purdue founder and the company’s president from 1999 to 2003, said while celebrating the drug’s entrance to the market, according to a document cited in the complaint. “The prescription blizzard will be so deep, dense, and white.”

Bush’s Justice Department Rejected Felony Charges After A Four-Year Investigation

Then-U.S. Attorney John Brownlee concluded a four-year investigation and recommended indicting the three Purdue executives on felony charges, including conspiracy to defraud the government, in September 2006, the Times reported in May 2018.

But top DOJ officials didn’t support his recommendation after meeting with Purdue executives and their defense team, according to Times reporter Barry Meier.

One defense lawyer for Purdue was Mary Jo White, a former federal prosecutor, and an adviser to the company’s legal team was former New York Mayor Rudy Giuliani, who was also once a U.S. attorney.

The head of DOJ’s criminal division at the time, Alice Fisher, was one of the officials who didn’t support Brownlee’s recommendation, according to the Times. She’s now a partner at the law firm Latham & Watkins.

Her bio page says she recently represented “[g]lobal pharmaceutical companies in [Securities and Exchange Commission] and DOJ [Foreign Corrupt Practices Act] investigations resulting in settlement resolutions and declinations of prosecutions.”

It also says she represented “Several global manufacturing companies about maintaining FCPA compliance and obtaining two declinations of prosecution.”

Fisher did not respond to multiple requests for comment.

Brownlee publicly supported the decision not to prosecute the Purdue executives, but, according to Meier, he was privately upset. Brownlee did not respond to The Daily Caller News Foundation’s request for comment, and he’s previously declined to comment to other publications.

Top DOJ Officials Questioned Purdue Probes After Hearing From Company Representatives

There were additional occasions when top DOJ officials scrutinized Brownlee’s investigation after Purdue representatives contacted them.

After speaking with the company’s defense attorneys in 2005, then-Deputy Attorney General James Comey asked Brownlee why he was pursing Purdue, Brownlee said during a 2007 congressional hearing. Brownlee, who was the federal prosecutor for the western district of Virginia, drove to Washington to explain the situation to Comey, who ultimately gave Brownlee the go-ahead to continue.

Additionally, Brownlee’s name appeared on a list of U.S. prosecutors recommended for termination soon after he ignored a top DOJ aide’s request to delay the plea deal.

Hours before the plea deal was set to expire in October 2006, Deputy Attorney General Paul McNulty’s chief of staff, Michael Elston, called Brownlee and asked him to extend Purdue’s deadline, the U.S. attorney testified.

“He told me he received a phone call from the defense lawyers about the case and that that the counsel had once again said that we were moving too quickly, that we had needed more time,” Brownlee said.

“Through his questions of me, I sensed that he was inquiring almost on their behalf,” he continued, noting Elston said he wasn’t calling at McNulty’s request.

Oxycodone is the generic name for a range of opoid pain killing tablets. Prescription bottle for Oxycodone tablets and pills on metal table for opioid epidemic illustration. (Shutterstock/Steve Heap)

Elston’s lawyer later said McNulty, who had replaced Comey, had asked Elston to call Brownlee, according to The Washington Post.

Elston told TheDCNF on Friday he called Brownlee on behalf of McNulty after the deputy attorney general noticed the deadline for the plea agreement was unusually tight. Elston said he was asking the prosecutor for information and not to tell Brownlee to give Purdue more time.

McNulty did not respond to a request for comment.

Regardless, Brownlee stuck with the original deadline and Purdue agreed to it hours later, Brownlee testified.

Eight days later, Brownlee’s name was included on a list Elston compiled of prosecutors recommended for termination, though he ultimately was not fired, the Post reported in 2007.

Elston told TheDCNF he did not recall any connection between Brownlee being included on the list and the Purdue case.

Also during the course of the government’s investigation into Purdue, Giuliani met with Asa Hutchinson in 2005, who was then the Drug Enforcement Administration’s chief, Vanity Fair reported in 2007. The meeting came after the DEA found OxyContin could be responsible for 464 deaths over a two-year period.

Following his meeting with Giuliani, Hutchinson began asking DEA officials why they were still looking into Purdue.

Hutchinson is now the governor of Arkansas. He did not return a request for comment.

Legal Battles Against Purdue And The Sacklers Intensify

Deaths related to opioids have skyrocketed since the 2007 plea agreement, and the Sackler family, Purdue’s owners, largely kept its name separate from the epidemic, until recently.

TheDCNF began its “American Cartel” series in 2017, which tied the Sackler name to Purdue and investigated the family’s charitable givings. The Sacklers, until then, were known for their philanthropy, with famous institutions like New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art naming entire sections after the family.

Meanwhile, lawsuits against Purdue from across the country have racked up. Evidence has trickled out showing the Sacklers knew about OxyContin’s dangers earlier than they said and showing they kept that information from the public. (RELATED: Purdue Pharma Looks To ‘Turnaround Kid’ As Opioid Lawsuits Pile Up)

Federal prosecutors discovered that Purdue Pharma knew OxyContin was being abused soon after the drug’s 1996 launch, a confidential DOJ report shows, the Times reported in May 2018. The report also found members of the Sackler family were aware that OxyContin and its morphine-based predecessor were being abused.

And a Tuesday court filing alleged that the Sacklers knew that Purdue knew OxyContin was being illegally dealt and abused, but failed to report it to authorities.

“This is not too bad,” Richard Sackler said in 2001 while serving as Purdue’s president and after a federal prosecutor reported that there were 59 deaths involving OxyContin in just one state, according to a document cited in the complaint. “It could have been far worse.”

Purdue, at the direction of the Sacklers, pushed for doctors to prescribe higher doses of OxyContin and for longer periods, resulting in massive profits for the company and the family, the lawsuit claims.

The Massachusetts complaint “irresponsibly and counterproductively casts every prescription of OxyContin as dangerous and illegitimate,” Purdue spokesman Bob Josephson said in a statement, calling the allegations “sensational” and “misleading.”

He accused the state of trying to “vilify” the company.

Josephson did not comment on Purdue’s communications with the DOJ.

He also said the Food and Drug Administration has ruled OxyContin continues to be “safe and effective for their intended use” and that the government determined in 2013 Purdue had fulfilled its obligations related to the marketing of its medications.

“The complaint is littered with biased and inaccurate characterizations,” Josephson said.

The only known instance where a Sackler was deposed was sealed as part of a $24 million settlement with Kentucky in December 2015.

Purdue recently lost an appeal to keep Richard Sackler’s deposition secret, but the company is continuing to contest the ruling. The testimony remains sealed while legal battles persist.

Follow Ethan on Twitter. Send tips to ethan@dailycallernewsfoundation.org.

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TAGS : DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE OXYCONTIN PURDUE PHARMA SACKLER FAMILY

//dailycaller.com/2019/01/20/doj-purdue-pharma-opioid-sackler/

//www.infowars.com/top-doj-official-reportedly-helped-keep-opioid-executives-from-prison-shes-since-defended-pharma-against-the-government/

TOP DOJ OFFICIAL REPORTEDLY HELPED KEEP OPIOID EXECUTIVES FROM PRISON. SHE’S SINCE DEFENDED PHARMA AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT

The DOJ declined to comment on this story.

Daily Caller - JANUARY 21, 2019

She has since joined a private law firm and has successfully defended pharmaceutical companies against government investigations.

The DOJ declined to comment on this story.

//dailycaller.com/2019/01/20/doj-purdue-pharma-opioid-sackler/

http://alt-market.com/articles/3431-global-elitists-are-not-human

Global Elitists Are Not Human

Wednesday, 16 May 2018 05:08 Brandon Smith

It is often said that “other-izing” people overall can be dangerous and other-izing your enemies specifically can be tactically detrimental. For one, it can lead to a false sense of superiority over those people as you assert some kind of imagined genetic advantage. It can also lead to dangerous generalizations of vast groups as you categorize and pigeonhole millions as being exactly the same when this is rationally impossible. However, other-izing is perhaps the only option when faced with a very particular type of person embracing a very particular brand of ideology; other-izing can become a matter of survival.

I am of course talking about globalists.

Not the low level cronies and useful idiots within the globalist push or “movement,” because many of them simply represent a underlying gullibility or stupidity among people attracted to the inbred world of academia. Instead, I’m talking about the people behind the curtain; self proclaimed “globalists” or internationalists that have positioned themselves into strategic power centers. I am talking about the people that influence or outright control government policy as they stand over the shoulders of supposedly freely elected officials. I am talking about the people that influence economic security or insecurity through unaccountable central banking conglomerates. I am talking about the men and women that desire to dictate the fate of billions.

These people are not easily identified by anything other than their rhetoric and actions. They are made up of multiple ethnic groups. They herald from all corners of the planet. They do not subscribe to any one spiritual doctrine, but they do publicly devote themselves to many different religions as a means to “fit in” with the common citizen. Globalism IS their religion. And their god? Well, they see themselves as gods.

To be a globalist, though, one has to do more than merely subscribe to the tenets of globalism; there is a matter of character traits and actions which must be examined.

After studying the behavior of globalists and their organizations for quite some time, I have noticed that their psychological patterns tend to match with a narrow band of people that are best described as “criminally insane.” More accurately, globalists behave like high-functioning narcissistic sociopaths and psychopaths. But what are the traits of such people? Let’s take a look at some of them…

False Sense Of Superiority – Self-Aggrandizement

Every person wants to be seen as important or unique. But, narcissistic sociopaths believe themselves to be entitled to special treatment and see themselves as above the laws and niceties of normal society. They sometimes seek to prop up this attitude through “accomplishment;” scratching for positions of power and influence in order to reinforce the notion that they are special compared to others.

Of course, power is usually an artificial construct because the only power we have over others is the power they give us, knowingly or unknowingly. Power does not make one special. The narcissistic sociopath does not make such distinctions, however. He/she only distinguishes between the people who strive for dominance and everyone else. In their minds, people that covet power are a superior subspecies, while people who do not covet power are considered bugs.

Frankly, I see no reason why we should not make the same absolute statement, only in reverse.

Narcissistic sociopaths and psychopaths are stricken with visions of assumed greatness. They do not view the content of their accomplishments as necessarily important. Meaning, they think they were born great, therefore, it is not for them to accomplish anything that serves to help others or advance the knowledge of humanity. They don’t care about proving their greatness through legitimate achievement, they only care that people BELIEVE they are special, that they are anointed.

Manipulation And Coercion

A narcissistic sociopath usually prefers to get what they want easily. They expect people to hand them adoration and control automatically. But if they don’t get what they want as a matter of course, they will use any means at their disposal.

This usually includes the threat of force or the use of force, the use of torture, the use of elaborate lies and schemes to push their target into a corner (to make them behave in a specific manner), the use of psychological conditioning (molding behavior, usually through fear responses) and also the use of “gaslighting” (accusing the target of being “crazy” if they do not subscribe to the narcissist’s twisted view of the world).

Of course, this kind of disturbed person is never actually satisfied, even when they do get what they want. They always want more, there is always something else they need to fill the endless void within.

Lack Of Empathy For Others

Not all narcissists are sociopaths, but most sociopaths are narcissists. When we speak of narcissists, it is important to remember that there are varying degrees of this psychological cancer. When I mention globalists in particular as being “narcissistic,” I am referring to their propensity to be high functioning narcissists with sociopathic tendencies. In other words, they are narcissists that not only have an inflated sense of self worth, but they are also devoid of empathy and conscience. They are willing to harm others to any degree to get what they want in the moment as long as they think can avoid consequences for doing so.

There is also the matter of distinction between sociopaths and psychopaths. This is a little hard to describe being that they are so similar in many respects. I would put it this way — while sociopaths chase a goal and are willing to step on people to get to it, psychopaths step on people even when they don’t have a goal in mind. That is to say, the psychopath enjoys the act of destruction; what they want most of all is other people's pain.

Sociopaths and psychopaths both appear to permeate the ranks of globalist institutions. Some of them want to build an idol to themselves and don’t care who they harm in the process. Some of them derive great enjoyment from simply hurting as many people as possible.

Desperate Need For Adoration

It is not enough for the narcissistic sociopath to attain a level of respect through coercion. Ultimately, what they want is for the lowly masses to voluntarily ACCEPT their greatness as absolute, as an obvious and undeniable fact of life. What they want is reverence and devotion. As mentioned earlier, they want to be treated as gods by the people around them, and if they are particularly ambitious, by everyone in the world.

This is a strange dynamic indeed, for it requires a highly elaborate set of schemes and manipulations. If one is not a great person, let alone god-like, the amount of psychological conditioning needed to convince people otherwise is substantial. This makes the narcissistic sociopath a potential slave to his/her own incessantly engineered conspiracies; lies pile upon lies and schemes upon schemes in the search for something they will never truly achieve.

Globalists Are Psychologically Broken Non-Humans

In the world of alternative analysis and investigative journalism it is not uncommon to run into people who attribute an otherworldly status to globalists. Some people see them as a representation of biblical Apocalypse — minions from the depths of hell. Others see them as literally alien — interdimensional beings posing as human. And while many will laugh at such people as fringe conspiracy freaks, I think it is important to understand why they see the globalists this way.

When faced with true and organized evil empty of all care or remorse, one may be tempted to apply supernatural explanations. I'm not sure that I am against the idea.

Globalists exhibit most if not all the telltale signs of narcissistic sociopaths, including being devoid of conscience and moral compass. While there are many definitions of what it is that makes us human, there is a kind of universal requirement regardless of culture; namely the requirement of something like a soul.

What makes a soul? How about a basic desire to do right by others even if that means not getting what we want all the time? This is a good starting point, but there is more to it than that.

Psychologists and scientists have over many decades found a pattern of inherent character traits hardwired in the human psyche, traits present in humans from the moment of birth that stand outside of the influences of social environment. Carl Jung was the foremost expert in this field of “archetypal qualities,” with a vast catalog of case studies from around the world including studies in tribal Africa. An important part of archetypal or inborn knowledge and traits is the notion of good and evil; we are born understanding that certain behaviors are constructive while others are destructive and abhorrent. This is most likely the source of what we call “conscience.”

Unfortunately, not all people are born with a conscience. In some people, the difference between good and evil or constructive and destructive behavior is treated as blurry or frivolous. Jung and other psychologists mark this subset of our species as “latent” sociopaths and psychopaths. Together they make up around 10% of any given culture or group. Many of them remain “latent” and more or less harmless for their entire lives unless certain unstable environmental conditions provide fuel for their malfunction. Around 1% are born as full blown sociopaths and psychopaths. These are what I would call the “non-humans.”

This is because high level narcissism and sociopathy are not traditional “mental illnesses,” but ingrained character traits. A narcissistic sociopath cannot be “cured” of his ailment because it is not an ailment, it is who they are. If you were to take the narcissism and sociopathy away from them, there would be nothing left to their personality.

When a normal person comes in contact with someone that has no inherent conscience there is an immediate recoil; a sense that they have just stumbled across a monster. This is not an exaggeration, this is entirely accurate.

High level narcissists and sociopaths are physically human of course, but if we were to peer in at a visual representation of their psyche, we would find a barren wasteland — a place where ghouls lurk. They do not dream as normal people dream. They do not feel joy in the manner normal people do. They do not feel fulfillment in the things that commonly lift up the rest of us. They are incapable of love for others. They are incapable of regret for their actions, and only ever feel regret over failing to get what they want. They do not see other people as individuals, they see them as tools to be exploited.

Being sociopathic though does not mean that they are ignorant of what makes the rest of us function. On the contrary, sociopaths are very good at identifying the personal desires and drives of others, and mimicking people in a way that makes them seem “human.” They are parasites by nature,and thus they have to be able to get close to their host victims if they are to survive.

The globalist dynamic is interesting in that it is an example of organized narcissistic sociopathy. Globalists have stood at the forefront of numerous wars, economic collapses and tyrannies over the years, all ending in great suffering for the masses. Contrary to popular belief, sociopaths and psychopaths DO work together towards a common goal as long as there is a sense of mutual benefit. In fact, these people seem to gravitate to each other in odd ways. It is my belief that globalist hierarchies actually seek out people with narcissistic and sociopathic personalities; that they do this deliberately when they wish to expand their ranks. These seem to be the only aspects that they all have in common.

It is quite a “conspiracy theory,” I know. But look at it this way, how else can we explain their tendencies and behaviors? If organized annihilation was an intrinsic value of humanity then we would have died out long ago. The globalists are not human, though. They are something opposite, and if you do not understand this core truth, they can be bewildering and terrifying.

If you would like to support the publishing of articles like the one you have just read, visit our donations page here. We greatly appreciate your patronage.

You can contact Brandon Smith at:

brandon@alt-market.com

After 8 long years of ultra-loose monetary policy from the Federal Reserve, it's no secret that inflation is primed to soar. If your IRA or 401(k) is exposed to this threat, it's critical to act now! That's why thousands of Americans are moving their retirement into a Gold IRA. Learn how you can too with a free info kit on gold from Birch Gold Group. It reveals the little-known IRS Tax Law to move your IRA or 401(k) into gold. Click here to get your free Info Kit on Gold.

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Comments (19)

...
written by Brandon Smith , May 16, 2018

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Regards.

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Votes: +5

I concur
written by Jasper , May 16, 2018

I've come into contact with some of these 'beings'. You are spot on, they are not human. I had one who shape-shifted on me. Nothing we can do about it.

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oh my
written by Lynn Booth , May 16, 2018

The one I know began shape shifting several times as well! Also, while with life long friends we played a board type word game (can't recall name of it). His thought process to reach answers was completely foreign and not very productive, very strange. Had occasion to see him demonstrate superhuman strength as well. Needless to say I've nothing to do with him x 10 years now. Tried to warn people but they think I'm crazy. Great article.

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Outside appearances deceiving
written by Hubbs , May 16, 2018

Brandon,

Probably as important a feature which you only touch on is that sociopaths outwardly can appear to be very pleasant and agreeable people, especially when they are trying to get something from you. That is why they are so dangerous.

Once they have what they want, then the difference becomes night and day. The true extent of their treachery is unbelievable.

I know, I married one. Not to recommend you waste your time and money reading this, but this is what happened to me...and the consequences.

My Medical-Legal Back Pages Bryce Sterling. Amazon.

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Right on the money
written by Escaped certain doom , May 16, 2018

...thought you were describing my ex-wife.

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just a slight correction, thank you
written by fanofjesus , May 16, 2018

The only thing I disagree with is that these sociopaths and psychopaths are born that way. These "labels" only categorize their dominant traits, but all mental illness, according to M.Scott Peck, constitutes a "substitute for legitimate suffering"; i.e., these people were wounded/abandoned/not cared for, etc in childhood such that they could not pass the developmental stages of normal growth of the personality, character, etc. Thus they are vulnerable to evil spirits, who tell them lies, such as "you are not worthy of being loved" and all such lies that keep them from ever having hope in being loved. Thus their behavior is to one degree or another a compensation for not getting the love they need. Of course, as peck suggests, they never get in touch with the agony of their truth, and grieve it and get healed and restored to capacity to love and be loved. and then it is enabled by these evil spirits, who give them guidance and even enter them; I theorize that the psychopaths are the sociopaths that have been possessed by demons, which is what makes them murderous.
so, what people are reacting to when around them is the presence of evil within them.

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...
written by Brandon Smith , May 16, 2018

@fanofjesus

I'm sorry to say but M.Scott Peck is utterly wrong. Peck is what I would call a pop-psychiatrist from the baby boomer era desperate to promote the idea that all negative character traits are a product of environment. This is false. High level narcissists and sociopaths are often born with the exact traits I describe - also, many of them are born into well-to-do families with no history of abuse or neglect.

The majority of people that suffer abuse also do not become sociopathic. It is essentially impossible to take a person born with empathy and turn them into a sociopath. They have to already have the trait in them.

That said, a LATENT sociopath or narcissist has an inborn POTENTIAL to become a full blown monster. Many of them don't because their environment is too "stable" to bring out those negative traits.

I can't really comment on the whole demon thing. It's not something that can be conclusively proved or disproved.

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Agreed.
written by Crickets , May 16, 2018

Yes, they are actually DEMON MEN. Under the control of their father SATAN. Very inhuman, indeed. Very strange people to watch. Their demeanor and appearance change and why many are very ugly and have demonic appearances, especially in their eyes.

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Delusions of grandeur
written by Yeti , May 16, 2018

I definitely see that false sense of superiority in some of our political leaders.

Take Tony Blair and Emmanuel Macron for example. They possess ridiculous levels of self esteem.

I guess a lot of psychopaths rise to the top all by themselves (they learn it "on the street") but I suspect some get a helping hand.

Clever spotters and kingmakers - themselves psychopaths most probably - will intuitively know one when they see one and help them on their way. They make good puppets.

Blair and Macron were both Bilderbergers. So often we see Bilderbergers airlifted into positions five stations above their true calling. And at such young ages.

Tom Cotton is another example.

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Depo
written by a garde , May 17, 2018

The current power structure is not sustainable with the current population. However, change the power structure, change the culture and we have more than enough resources for the current population.

As an example : thorium vs uranium for power. One would be limitless, clean, free energy (for all intents) but not able to be weaponized. Hence why we use uranium. The psychopaths need the weapons, and if it destroys most life on earth, so be it.

Change the culture to do more of your own gardening, aquaponics, etc.. along with a reduction in meat consumption. This won't happen as the psychopaths need to control the fool supply as well.

You see, it's all about them owning and controlling everything. It has nothing to do with them being benevolent, misunderstood protectors of humanity.

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BORN EVIL
written by awed bawl , May 17, 2018

May 26, 2005

Twins Study Finds Genetic Cause For Psychopathy

Twin studies can help distinguish between genetic and environmental determinants of violence, said Essi Viding of the Institute of Psychiatry in London. In antisocial 7-year-olds with callous and unemotional traits, Viding found, the antisocial behavior was strongly genetic in origin (a group heritability of 80%). If these youths can be identified early, perhaps with a genetic test on cells from a cheek swab, one could target programs for them. "Genes are not a blueprint that determines outcome," said Viding. "Rather, they act together with other risk or protective factors to increase or reduce the risk of disorder."

http://www.futurepundit.com/archives/002792.html

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Origins of mass psychopathy
written by rwinkel , May 17, 2018

Few people are asking where these damaged people are coming from. Humanity has always had problems with psychopaths but they seem to be in mass production now. How is this happening? I believe I have at least part of the answer:

http://thoughtcrimeradio.net/2018/03/how-the-empires-child-abusers-censored-revolutionary-research-into-causes-of-violence/

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Re: Twin study finds genetic cause for psychopathy
written by rwinkel , May 17, 2018

"A sample of 3687 twin pairs formed the starting point for this research. Teacher ratings for antisocial behaviour and psychopathic tendencies (i.e. lack of empathy and remorse) were used to classify the twins. Those who were in the top 10% of the sample for antisocial behaviour were separated into two groups - those with and without psychopathic tendencies. ..."
https://web.archive.org/web/20060316135021/http://www.mrc.ac.uk:80/index/public-interest/public-news_centre/public-press_office/public-press_releases_2005/public-press_25_may_2005.htm

Twins are born at the same time in the same facilities under the same medical care to the same parents. Please see my article above. Also see http://thoughtcrimeradio.net/2...nd-family/

Perhaps there is a genetic component, but such research only validates helplessness. Not a recipe for change.

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DNA
written by Margot , May 17, 2018

If we make the assumption that sociopaths are born, and not bred - it means that sociopathy is a genetic trait (dare I say defect)..

Makes one wonder what the genetic markers for "Globalists" are?

Maybe they are already privy to this knowledge, and are actively seeking out and breeding more of themselves - that is the mandate of life, after all.

The rabbit hole deepens...

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...
written by Brandon Smith , May 17, 2018

@Margot

Not necessarily. There is no concrete evidence that character traits are specifically linked to "genetics", that is simply an assumption that scientists make because they do not take into account the notion of "other sources".

In fact, no one actually knows exactly where archetypes come from, which is why I refuse to discount spiritual explanations. It could be that there are no genetic markers for pyschopathy, and the only way to discover a psychopath is to wait and watch what a person does.

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Psychopathy is tied to specific brain deformity
written by nat , May 17, 2018

Brandon, Nice article. You might read "The Psychopath Whisperer: The Science of Those Without Conscience" by Kent A. Kiehl PhD. He took a new generation NMR machine into a hard core prison and documented specific brain deformities (atrophies) which physiologically distinguish psychopaths from those who do feel remorse, empathy, and bonding. Further, he found the extent of the brain deformities and the regions affected correlate well to the degree of psychopathy. (Psychopathy is not an all or nothing trait).

Prior to his work the only way to identify psychopathy was via psychological testing for evidence of guilt, conscience, thrill seeking behavior, empathy, social behavior, bonding, abstraction, etc. Psychological testing, of course, is not very rigorous - especially in high performing individuals who can be quite cunning in mimicry and charm. The smart psychopaths learn to cry when needed and otherwise fake facial cues, although their act seems a little shallow since they really can't feel the emotions and bonding they are feigning.

The word "sociopath" doesn't appear to have a rigorous definition and you might want to either define it with exquisite precision or, better yet, discontinue its use as it mostly seems to provide an alibi for psychopaths and their apologists.

In SOME circles, sociopaths are distinguished as those who have LEARNED to disregard their human feelings and, presumably, can learn to be human again. While I think this can happen (viz, those who learn to kill or be killed in a war/gang zone) it is most definitely NOT the same thing as psychopathy at all. Further, I think you get it -- but most people don't -- that ENJOYING killing is distinct from psychopathy.

Most intelligent hard core psychopaths don't want to kill. They don't want to kill NOT because they care about anothers' suffering but because killing increases the chances they will get caught and put in prison. So likely the vast majority of intelligent psychopaths fake normal emotions as necessary to rise to the top of high-paying fields such as politics, law, medicine, and business. In these fields, their utter ruthlessness gives them a distinct advantage. Another trait of psychopaths is that they typically regard themselves as BETTER than human since they are unconstrained and, to their minds, therefore superior.

Anyway, with that substitution for a more rigorous word, you say: "High level narcissists and [psychopaths] are physically human of course..." Well, no...I'd say they are not physically human.

In closing, I want to thank you again for your article. I think you have put your finger on the root cause of so much of the world's suffering. We are ruled by overlords who are not human in the soulful sense of the word.

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written by Brandon Smith , May 18, 2018

@Nat

That is not exactly accurate. Scientists have noticed some "deformities" in very limited studies of criminally violent people, however, they did not provide extensive background analysis of the case studies involved and apply it in discovering if there were any alternative causes to the brain "abnormalities". Meaning, they simply assumed that the abnormalities were related to their violent behavior. But, as any real scientist or psychologist knows, correlation does NOT necessarily mean causation.

For example, there is evidence to suggest that character traits and behavior can affect the very makeup of one's brain chemistry and activity, rather than brain makeup determining behavior.

Also, sociopathy is a concrete and well recognized psychological trait. Not sure where you got the idea that it is somehow undefined. It also rarely has anything to do with "learned behavior". I suggest you pursue far more study into the subject.

Despite your misconceptions about this issue, I appreciate your comment.

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One effect of mass obstetrical abuse on psychopathy rates
written by rwinkel , May 18, 2018

"Modern" obstetrical practices metastasized from rockefeller american medical education constitutes a form of psychological torture

http://thoughtcrimeradio.net/2015/02/effects-of-early-mother-infant-separation-one-year-later/

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Child abuse changes brain structure
written by rwinkel , May 18, 2018

Childhood Abuse Disrupts Brain Formation Harvard Study Says

Childhood abuse leads to permanent changes in a seahorse - shaped area of the brain that can cause adult depression and drug abuse, Harvard researchers said in a study that raises the possibility of new treatment. ...

https://www.mcleanhospital.org/sites/default/files/shared/News_Assets/Bloomberg.Teicher21312.pdf

http://alt-market.com/articles/3431-global-elitists-are-not-human

http://123userdocs.s3-website-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/d/55/23/281756457199674197/75149697-7d0e-424c-8a04-dbfec08a064b/EVERYTHING%20IS%20RIGGED%20-MIKE%20ADAMS%20AUG%2002-2016%20-NATURALNEWS.pdf

EVERYTHING IS RIGGED: Medicine, science, elections, the media, money, education, search engines, social media... you are living in a fabricated fairy tale Tuesday, August 02, 2016 by Mike Adams, the Health Ranger http://www.naturalnews.com/054857_rigged_elections_fake_media_fairy_tales.html EVERYTHING IS RIGGED. Every institution in America is sold out, corrupted and politically rigged to favor Big Government and Big Business. "America is a lost country," explains Paul Craig Roberts. "The total corruption of every public and the private institution is complete. Nothing remains but tyranny. And lies. Endless lies." …. big lie across every sector of society, from vaccines and GMOs to elections and politics. The federal government itself is incapable of doing anything other than lying, and it has totally corrupted the entire realm of science by pulling the strings of funding via the National Institutes of Health and the NSF. …. The FDA is entirely corrupt, as is the USDA. Both function now as little more than marketing propaganda pushers for Big Pharma and Big Biotech. …. Similarly, Google, Facebook and Twitter are all rigged, too, censoring the voices they don't want anyone to hear while highlighting the establishment lies they wish to promote. …• All science is distorted into absurd, politically-motivated conclusions about everything the government wants to use to control the masses: Vaccines, climate change, GMOs, fluoride, flu shots, chemical agriculture, carbon dioxide and so on. …• Every branch of medicine is hijacked by globalist agendas to make sure medicine never makes anyone healthier, more alert or more cognitively capable of thinking for themselves. …• Any true reports that contradict any official narrative are immediately censored. …• All voices of truth are silenced, then replaced by meaningless, distracting babble (Kardashians) or meaningless, tribal sports competitions (the Rio Olympics). The point is to dumb down the entire population to the point of cultural lunacy. …• Emotions are used as weapons to manipulate the masses. … What exactly is rigged? • Every federal agency (EPA, FDA, etc.) • The entire justice system (makes a total farce of real justice) • Academia (all public universities) • EPA's "safe" limits on pesticides (all rigged by Big Biotech) • Food and food labeling (all run by corrupt food companies) • Public education (rigged into Common Core anti-knowledge idiocy) • Government economics figures and statistics • Medicine and pharmaceuticals (rigged to maximize profits) • Big Science (totally rigged by government agenda pushers) • The rule of law (rigged in favor of the rich and powerful) • Infectious disease and the CDC (a constant stream of lies) • Climate change science (all a grand science hoax) • History (what you are taught is mostly a lie) • Government grants (only given out to those who further the agenda) • Government bids (only awarded to those who kick back funds to corrupt officials) • Consciousness and free will (we are all taught consciousness doesn't exist) • Ethnobotany (medicinal and spiritual use of healing plants) • The origin of the universe (the official narrative is a laughable fairy tale) ……ARE YOU THE people who are tired of being cheated, censored, punished, stolen from and lied to about everything under the sun? If you're tired of everything being rigged, this November vote against the rigged system by voting…..

http://123userdocs.s3-website-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/d/55/23/281756457199674197/75149697-7d0e-424c-8a04-dbfec08a064b/EVERYTHING%20IS%20RIGGED%20-MIKE%20ADAMS%20AUG%2002-2016%20-NATURALNEWS.pdf

Fake Science

http://alt-market.com/articles/3235-real-fake-news-science-used-as-propaganda

Real Fake News: Science Used As Propaganda

Tuesday, 25 July 2017 17:15 Joe Jarvis

This article was written by Joe Jarvis and originally published at The Daily Bell

Did you know that doctors and scientists can be corrupt or simply wrong?

People seem to give doctors and scientists the benefit of the doubt when it comes to their findings and opinions on things like global warming, genetically modified organisms, pesticides, chemicals, and how unhealthy certain foods and habits are.

But like any other humans, scientists and doctors are, well, human. They can be misguided, confused, corrupt, and stubbornly opinionated.

According to Natural News, as many as 20,000 doctors once recommended smoking cigarettes to aid digestion. In 1940’s Camel ran an ad campaign that claimed “More Doctors Smoke Camels.” They even handed out packs of Camels to doctors at a medical convention and then polled the doctors on their way out the door, asking what their favorite cigarette brand was, or what kind they had in their pocket at that moment.

Unfortunately, money has corrupted industries like big pharma who pay doctors and scientists to take a position and prescribe particular drugs and treatment. Many peer-reviewed studies have predetermined outcomes which basically find the facts to fit their narrative. It is more a marketing ploy to publish in scientific and medical journals than proof of the actual findings.

Sugar was long considered fine to dump down children’s throats because in the 1960’s a handful of scientists were paid off.

But even absent actual corruption, basic mistakes are being made in scientific conclusions.

Correlation is not causation. This is a basic foundational tenet of science. Two things may be very strongly correlated, but that does not prove that one causes the other.

According to Reason Magazine:

Kabat discusses how “the dose makes the poison,” in that saying something doubles your risk of a disease could actually be statistically irrelevant.

For example, you may have heard that eating bacon increases the risk of colorectal cancer. Technically, this is true. If you eat two slices of bacon every day of your life the risk of colorectal cancer increases from 5 to 6 percent. That is not exactly the same risk as smoking cigarettes, which increases the risk of lung cancer by 20 to 50 times over.

And then, of course, you must consider the editorial bias. You’re Risking Your Life Eating Bacon is more likely to get a click than Everyday Bacon Eating Increases Cancer Risk by 1%.

Here’s the thing, I like to be healthy, and I personally often follow the better safe than sorry principle. But it is a huge miscarriage of authority to push this view on others through fear. It is the idea of I know better than these silly peasants that unfortunately seems to permeate the scientific and medical communities.

Are GMOs, pesticides, and chemicals like BPA really as bad as they say? I personally avoid them, but I honestly haven’t done enough of my own research to know for sure.Salt and fat have gone back and forth as being considered healthy

Salt and fat have gone back and forth as being considered healthy then unhealthy, then healthy again by experts.

People look to doctors and scientists for guidance and too often are brainwashed with those individuals’ own biases and unsubstantiated opinions.

If an expert cannot or will not answer questions about their work, that is a red flag. When people talk about consensus among experts instead of the actual facts, that is another red flag.

There have been too many times in recent history when the experts, the scientists, and the doctors were willfully or mistakenly wrong.

Sometimes, yes, we must defer to experts, since it is simply impossible to research it all on your own. But that doesn’t mean we should forgo the due diligence in critical thinking that goes along with it.

Fear sells. We are used to it in the media but don’t usually expect it from doctors and scientists. But they are humans too, and just as likely to push their agenda instead of the truth.

http://alt-market.com/articles/3235-real-fake-news-science-used-as-propaganda

Unsuspecting Americans to be Hit Hard by this U.S. Scheme to Confiscate Your Savings:Alan Greenspan, 20-year head of the US Fed, reveals Washington's nasty trick to confiscate the savings of unsuspecting Americans. Here's How Some Americans Are Preparing

Discalimer - FAIR USE NOTICE: These pages/video may contain copyrighted (© ) material the use of which has not always been specifically authorized by the copyright owner. Such material is made available to advance understanding of ecological, POLITICAL, HUMAN RIGHTS, economic, DEMOCRACY, scientific, MORAL, ETHICAL, and SOCIAL JUSTICE ISSUES, etc. It is believed that this constitutes a 'fair use' of any such copyrighted material as provided for in section 107 of the US Copyright Law. In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107, this material is distributed without profit to those who have expressed a prior general interest in receiving similar information for research and educational.

EVERYTHING IS RIGGED -MIKE ADAMS AUG 02-2016 -NATURALNEWS

Are we the people are being cheated, censored, punished, stolen from and lied to? What is, and where is the truth then? How to adjust and exist in such an environment and how to proceed living a life?

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Former FDA commissioner Margaret Hamburg

Former FDA commissioner Margaret Hamburg named in massive conspiracy and racketeering lawsuit involving Johnson & Johnson, a Wall Street hedge fund, and the Levaquin drug

Friday, April 22, 2016
by Mike Adams, the Health Ranger

Learn more: http://www.naturalnews.com/053767_Margaret_Hamburg_FDA_commissioner_conspiracy_and_racketeering.html#ixzz4L5l7QyWA

(NaturalNews) The former head of the FDA, Margaret Hamburg, used the federal agency to run a massive conspiracy of racketeering and fraud in order to generate millions of dollars in drug company profits for her husband's hedge fund firm, alleges a damning lawsuit filed in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia.

The lawsuit alleges that while acting as FDA commissioner, Margaret Hamburg engaged in a wide-ranging conspiracy to approve an extremely dangerous drug known to cause severe (and even deadly) side effects, in order to financially benefit her husband's hedge fund which held very large financial positions in Johnson & Johnson, makers of the drug. "Defendants, each and every one of them, operated a criminal conspiracy at least between the years 2009 to 2015 to fraudulently suppress warnings about the devastating effects of Levaquin," says the complaint.

"This Amended Complaint sets forth allegations that involve a conspiracy by Defendants, each and every one of them, to reap large financial returns by failing to disclose to Plaintiffs and the public at large the full extent of the devastating, life-threatening, and deadly effects of a highly dangerous pharmaceutical drug named Levaquin," reads the opening of the lawsuit. The conspiracy complaint also alleges that over 5,000 people died as a result of Hamburg's conspiracy cover-up at the FDA:

Once confirmed as FDA Commissioner, Dr. Margaret A. Hamburg acted as the instrumentality that all Defendants used to perpetrate their conspiracy and racketeering enterprise by having her act illegally and outside the scope of her authority as FDA Commissioner to suppress material information to Plaintiffs and the public that Levaquin was inherently dangerous and in fact, deadly. Had this information been disclosed to Plaintiffs and the public at large, her and her husband's financial gain and net worth would have plummeted, since Dr. Margaret A. Hamburg's husband, Peter F. Brown, reaped and continues to reap huge financial gain as a result of Renaissance Technologies, L.L.C.'s holdings of Johnson & Johnson stock.

To further this conspiracy, Dr. Margaret A. Hamburg, acting in concert with each and every Defendant, jointly and severally, appointed officials of Johnson & Johnson to key FDA Advisory Committees and colluded with Johnson & Johnson and its officials and subsidiaries to suppress information about the dangerous and deadly effects of Levaquin. As a result, during Dr. Margaret A. Hamburg's tenure as FDA Commissioner from 2009 to 2015, over 5,000 people died as a result of consuming Levaquin and other dangerous drugs promoted, manufactured, marketed, distributed and sold by Johnson & Johnson, suffered debilitating, life-threatening, and deadly illnesses and effects. This deadly harm is continuing as Plaintiffs and thousands of other people are suffering and dying from the highly dangerous effects of Levaquin.

"Both Alkermes and Johnson & Johnson stock value increased significantly during Hamburg's tenure," reports The Daily Caller.

Margaret Hamburg "bought" her way into the FDA with financial contributions to Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama, alleges the lawsuit

A fascinating finding in the lawsuit alleges that Margaret Hamburg bribed her way into the top position at the FDA by making large financial contributions to Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama:

Dr. Margaret A. Hamburg was nominated as a result of huge political and other gratuities to Hillary Clinton and The Clinton Foundation, and at Mrs. Clinton's recommendation. During the confirmation process before Congress, Dr. Margaret A. Hamburg, acting in concert with her husband, Peter F. Brown and the other Defendants named in this Amended Complaint, at all material times the Co-CEO of a hedge fund named Renaissance Technologies, L.L.C., failed to disclose to Congress and other relevant authorities, her and her husband's clear-cut conflict of interest – specifically, that Renaissance Technologies, L.L.C. held hundreds of millions of dollars of Johnson & Johnson stock, the manufacturer of the deadly drug, Levaquin.

...Defendant Hamburg, on behalf of all of the Defendants as part of this racketeering conspiracy, gave political contributions and gratuities to Hillary Clinton in 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008 to induce Mrs. Clinton to recommend and push for Defendant Hamburg to be nominated by President Obama.

...Defendant Hamburg, on behalf of all of the Defendants as part of this racketeering conspiracy, gave political contributions and gratuities to President Obama to induce him to nominate her to be appointed as FDA Commissioner.

From what we now know about the Clinton Foundation's deep financial ties to Big Pharma and Wall Street hedge funds, none of this comes as any sort of surprise. In fact, while these allegations may have been easily dismissed as a "conspiracy theory" in 2008, so much more awakening has happened among the American public that they are now likely to be understood as an "actual conspiracy" being carried out among the political and financial elite who routinely conspire against the people in order to enrich themselves.

Horrible side effects from the drug destroyed the lives of countless victims

From the lawsuit:

From May 2009 to March 2015, Plaintiffs suffered mitochondrial toxicity, neuropsychiatric adverse events, and multi-system disability related to their consumption of Levaquin, including a constellation of medical issues related to the following body systems: neuromuscular, neuropsychiatric, peripheral neuropathy, senses, skin, cardiovascular, plus, endocrine, nutritional, metabolic and immunity; blood and blood forming organs; circulatory system; respiratory system; digestive system; genitourinary system; and connective tissue.

Specifically, Plaintiffs suffer from a constellation of medical issues, including but not limited to widespread bodily pain, fatigue, muscle weakness, muscle twitching, muscle wasting, gait disturbances, severe balance issues, stiffness, spasms, joint pain, tendon issues, seizures, tremors, numbness, burning, tingling, fasciculation, spasticity, nerve damage, autonomic issues, voice issues, exercise intolerance, difficulty swallowing, slow digestive motility, abdominal pain, acid reflux, gastritis, nausea, constipation, diarrhea, colitis, cognitive impairment, memory impairment, cardiac issues, urinary issues, kidney damage, liver damage, pancreatic damage, thyroid abnormalities, hair loss, glucose issues, respiratory issues, emotional issues, depression, psychosis, depersonalization, dissociation, anxiety, insomnia, abnormal dreams, suicidal thoughts, thought alterations, agitation, fatigue, dizziness, inability to concentrate, panic attacks, difficulty communicating, forgetfulness, bruising, vision issues, hearing issues, tinnitus, dental issues, gum issues, skin issues, rashes, multiple chemical sensitivity, sexual dysfunction, reproductive issues, and DNA damage.

Highlights of the complaint

You can read the complaint here, posted by the Daily Caller News Foundation. I've extracted some of the highlights of the complaint for reference, shown below.

This Amended Complaint sets forth allegations that involve a conspiracy by Defendants, each and every one of them, to reap large financial returns by failing to disclose to Plaintiffs and the public at large the full extent of the devastating, life-threatening, and deadly effects of a highly dangerous pharmaceutical drug named Levaquin.

Dr. Margaret A. Hamburg was nominated as a result of huge political and other gratuities to Hillary Clinton and The Clinton Foundation, and at Mrs. Clinton's recommendation. During the confirmation process before Congress, Dr. Margaret A. Hamburg, acting in concert with her husband, Peter F. Brown and the other Defendants named in this Amended Complaint, at all material times the Co-CEO of a hedge fund named Renaissance Technologies, L.L.C., failed to disclose to Congress and other relevant authorities, her and her husband's clear-cut conflict of interest – specifically, that Renaissance Technologies, L.L.C. held hundreds of millions of dollars of Johnson & Johnson stock, the manufacturer of the deadly drug, Levaquin.

Once confirmed as FDA Commissioner, Dr. Margaret A. Hamburg acted as the instrumentality that all Defendants used to perpetrate their conspiracy and racketeering enterprise by having her act illegally and outside the scope of her authority as FDA Commissioner to suppress material information to Plaintiffs and the public that Levaquin was inherently dangerous and in fact, deadly. Had this information been disclosed to Plaintiffs and the public at large, her and her husband's financial gain and net worth would have plummeted, since Dr. Margaret A. Hamburg's husband, Peter F. Brown, reaped and continues to reap huge financial gain as a result of Renaissance Technologies, L.L.C.'s holdings of Johnson & Johnson stock.

To further this conspiracy, Dr. Margaret A. Hamburg, acting in concert with each and every Defendant, jointly and severally, appointed officials of Johnson & Johnson to key FDA Advisory Committees and colluded with Johnson & Johnson and its officials and subsidiaries to suppress information about the dangerous and deadly effects of Levaquin. As a result, during Dr. Margaret A. Hamburg's tenure as FDA Commissioner from 2009 to 2015, over 5,000 people died as a result of consuming Levaquin and other dangerous drugs promoted, manufactured, marketed, distributed and sold by Johnson & Johnson, suffered debilitating, life-threatening, and deadly illnesses and effects. This deadly harm is continuing as Plaintiffs and thousands of other people are suffering and dying from the highly dangerous effects of Levaquin.

Because of the Defendants' racketeering scheme and conspiracy to suppress warnings and other material information about the extent of the deadly effects of Levaquin, Plaintiffs were precluded from discovering the extent of their injuries until 2015, not coincidentally after Dr. Margaret A. Hamburg no longer held her position as FDA Commissioner in 2015 and material information about the full extent of the dangers of Levaquin were disclosed thereafter.

Defendants, each and every one of them, profited handsomely from their racketeering conspiracy by their agreed-upon failure to disclose the harmful effects of Levaquin to Plaintiffs and the public at large. This case is thus of seminal importance not only for Plaintiffs, but also for the consuming public at large. It is a tragic testament to how corrupt companies like Johnson & Johnson and their officials bribe and illegally collude with government officials and line their pockets at the expense of persons such as Plaintiffs.

Defendant Hamburg, on behalf of all of the Defendants as part of this racketeering conspiracy, gave political contributions and gratuities to Hillary Clinton in 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008 to induce Mrs. Clinton to recommend and push for Defendant Hamburg to be nominated by President Obama.

Defendant Hamburg, on behalf of all of the Defendants as part of this racketeering conspiracy, gave political contributions and gratuities to President Obama to induce him to nominate her to be appointed as FDA Commissioner.

In and around May 26, 2009, Defendant Hamburg was forced to divest herself of several hedge fund holdings, as was her husband, Defendant Brown. This was done in order for her to take the position as the top food and drug regulator without any real or apparent conflicts of interest. However, the conflict of interest herein was never resolved. Neither Defendant Hamburg nor Defendant Brown, nor any other Renaissance Technologies executive had fully disclosed to Congress and other authorities that Defendant Brown, Defendant Hamburg's husband at all material times, still held shares in – and benefits financially from – all of the stocks of Renaissance, via Renaissance Technologies profit-sharing, as explained in detail by Defendant Simons, regardless of whether Defendant Brown divested himself of a particular hedge fund, in furtherance of the racketeering enterprise and conspiracy.

While Defendant Hamburg was FDA Commissioner, her husband, Defendant Brown's annual income, not coincidentally, increased from a reported $10 million in 2008 to an estimated $125 million in 2011 and an estimated $90 million in 2012, due in whole or in part to Defendants' racketeering conspiracy to withhold information about the devastating, life threatening, and deadly effects of Levaquin.

As part of Defendant Hamburg's pattern and practice of acting illegally outside of the scope of her authority as FDA Commissioner in furtherance of the racketeering enterprise and conspiracy, she counseled the FDA to also approved another highly dangerous pharmaceutical drug that Renaissance Technologies owns stock in, Zohydro, despite the fact that on December 7, 2012, an FDA Advisory Committee voted 11 to 2 against its approval. In or around March 2013, Defendant Hamburg personally testified to members of Congress that she supported Zohydro's approval.

Defendant Hamburg, as part of her pattern and practice of illegally acting outside the scope of her authority as Commissioner of the FDA, fraudulently used the U.S. mails and wires to commit overt acts in furtherance of the racketeering enterprise and conspiracy by willfully and intentionally and illegally preventing the FDA from issuing warnings about the devastating and life-threatening effects of Levaquin.

On November 5, 2015, after Defendant Hamburg had resigned, an FDA employee, Debra Boxwell, finally exposed to Plaintiffs, and the public at large, that Defendant Hamburg and the FDA had been aware that Levaquin may result in multi-system disability since 2013, but that it did nothing to add this information to the Levaquin label and instead conspired with the other Defendants to fraudulently withhold it.

From May 2009 to March 2015, Plaintiffs suffered mitochondrial toxicity, neuropsychiatric adverse events, and multi-system disability related to their consumption of Levaquin, including a constellation of medical issues related to the following body systems: neuromuscular, neuropsychiatric, peripheral neuropathy, senses, skin, cardiovascular, plus, endocrine, nutritional, metabolic and immunity; blood and blood forming organs; circulatory system; respiratory system; digestive system; genitourinary system; and connective tissue.

Specifically, Plaintiffs suffer from a constellation of medical issues, including but not limited to widespread bodily pain, fatigue, muscle weakness, muscle twitching, muscle wasting, gait disturbances, severe balance issues, stiffness, spasms, joint pain, tendon issues, seizures, tremors, numbness, burning, tingling, fasciculation, spasticity, nerve damage, autonomic issues, voice issues, exercise intolerance, difficulty swallowing, slow digestive motility, abdominal pain, acid reflux, gastritis, nausea, constipation, diarrhea, colitis, cognitive impairment, memory impairment, cardiac issues, urinary issues, kidney damage, liver damage, pancreatic damage, thyroid abnormalities, hair loss, glucose issues, respiratory issues, emotional issues, depression, psychosis, depersonalization, dissociation, anxiety, insomnia, abnormal dreams, suicidal thoughts, thought alterations, agitation, fatigue, dizziness, inability to concentrate, panic attacks, difficulty communicating, forgetfulness, bruising, vision issues, hearing issues, tinnitus, dental issues, gum issues, skin issues, rashes, multiple chemical sensitivity, sexual dysfunction, reproductive issues, and DNA damage.

Defendants, each and every one of them, operated a criminal conspiracy at least between the years 2009 to 2015 to fraudulently suppress warnings about the devastating effects of Levaquin.

Specifically, the purpose of Defendants' racketeering enterprise included, but was not limited to, reaping large financial gain by willfully and intentionally suppressing material information, through the fraudulent use of the U.S. mails and wires, about the devastating, life threatening, and deadly effects of Levaquin. These Defendants form this association in fact for the common and continuing purpose described herein and constitute an enterprise within the meaning of 18 U.S.C. SS 1961(4) engaged in the conduct of their affairs through a continuing pattern of racketeering activity. As described in the foregoing paragraphs of this Amended Complaint, Defendants, each and every one of them, maintained an ongoing relationship during the course of their ongoing criminal enterprise.

PREDICATE ACTS Bribery in Violation of 18 U.S.C. SS 201, Predicate Act No. 1
From May 2009 to March 2015, Defendants Johnson & Johnson, Johnson & Johnson PRD, and Janssen committed acts constituting indictable offenses under 18 U.S.C. SS 201(b)(1)(A)-(C) in that they directly or indirectly, corruptly gave, and offered and promised things of valuable, such as money, to Defendant Hamburg, who for the purposes of this predicate act was a public official as FDA Commissioner, with the intent to influence Defendant Hamburg to suppress material information about the devastating, life-threatening, and deadly effects of Levaquin. This is evidenced by Defendants Johnson & Johnson, Johnson & Johnson PRD, and Janssen's pattern and practice of using gratuities and bribery to secure favorable treatment for its products, as described in paragraph 40 of this Amended Complaint. 109.

Predicate Act No. 19
From May 2009 to March 2015, Defendants Renaissance Technologies, Brown, Mercer, and Simons, in furtherance of the racketeering enterprise and conspiracy, transferred ill-gotten and illegal financial gains from Defendant Renaissance Technologies' holdings of Defendant Johnson & Johnson stock to Defendants in order to continue to carry out Defendants unlawful conspiracy to conceal material information about the devastating and life-threatening effects of Levaquin.

As set forth previously, in every quarter except one, from May 2009 to March 2015, while Defendant Hamburg was FDA Commissioner, her husband, Defendant Brown's employer, Defendant Renaissance Technologies, held significant amounts of Defendant Johnson & Johnson stock, including as much as half a billion dollars in Defendant Johnson & Johnson stock.

http://www.naturalnews.com/053767_Margaret_Hamburg_FDA_commissioner_conspiracy_and_racketeering.html

Learn more: http://www.naturalnews.com/053767_Margaret_Hamburg_FDA_commissioner_conspiracy_and_racketeering.html#ixzz4L5lhgox7

http://www.naturalnews.com/053767_Margaret_Hamburg_FDA_commissioner_conspiracy_and_racketeering.html

https://www.infowars.com/big-pharmas-control-over-the-news/

BIG PHARMA’S CONTROL OVER THE NEWS

Through octopus foundations, the medical/pharma agenda is part and parcel of the Globalist agenda

Jon Rappoport | Infowars.com - DECEMBER 15, 2017 71 Comments

IMAGE CREDITS: FLICKR, 86530412@N02.

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Over the last 11 months, pharmaceutical companies have spent a stunning $3.2 billion on TV ads for drugs.

That much money buys you influence. It buys you control.

If a major network suddenly decided to set its hounds loose and investigate the overall devastating effects of medical drugs on the public, there would be hell to pay at the network. Drug companies wouldn’t stand for it.

Robert F Kennedy, Jr., whose film, Trace Amounts, about toxic mercury in vaccines, was getting no media coverage, made this comment:

“I talked to Roger Ailes [then CEO of FOX News], who I have known since I was 17 years old, he’s very sympathetic with this issue and saw the film Trace Amounts. I said to him, ‘I just want to go on one of your shows. Nobody will allow me to talk about this or debate me.’ He said to me, ‘I can’t allow you on any of them. I’d have to fire any of my hosts that allowed you on my station.’ Because he said, ‘My news division gets up to 70% of advertising revenues during non-election years from the pharmaceutical companies’.”

That’s called control.

There is a wider sphere to consider. Through octopus foundations like Rockefeller and Gates, for example, the medical/pharma agenda is part and parcel of the Globalist agenda. That is key. Gathering in the world population under the umbrella of “humanitarian health care” is a covert op of the highest order.

How can you control billions of people, erase national borders, destroy untold numbers of communities and their traditions, wage senseless wars, send millions of jobs out of industrial countries to Third World backwaters, and build a de facto global management system—unless you can also debilitate, weaken, confuse, toxify, and thus pacify those billions of people?

Accomplishing this is the work of the pharmaceutical empire.

I have produced, many times, open-source mainstream reviews of the death and damage numbers wrought by “Rockefeller medicine.” In the US, 106,000 deaths every year from government-approved medicines. In the US and Europe, 330,000 die, every year, from correctly prescribed drugs. 6.6 million hospitalizations occur. 80 million adverse effects occur. These are conservative estimates.

So…what is the likelihood that pharma-controlled mainstream news will dig deeply into the issue of Globalism, the major tyrannical movement of our time?

The likelihood is zero.

The influence of pharmaceutical interests on the news is, therefore, much greater than most people can fathom, in their wildest dreams.

Most people, when confronted with these pharmaceutical death-and-destruction reports, will immediately dismiss them as impossible. Others, who accept the reports, will claim the “unfortunate” facts show no intention to harm whatsoever.

However, the reports are public knowledge. They’ve been available to one and all. Government officials—and particularly, pharma princes—know the truth. And they’re doing nothing about it.

This is called a clue.

If you were in charge of a juggernaut operation that was causing this much horrific damage, and you knew it, would you stand by and let it keep happening? Would you foster the development of new drugs whose effects would only add to the ongoing tragedy? And would you exert such powerful control over major media that the truth could not be told?

I didn’t think so.

The pharma princes are not like you. You can’t see who they are if you look through the lens of your morality. They don’t share that morality. They don’t resemble you. Don’t ascribe your qualities to them. They don’t respond to life as you do. Their capacity for self-deception is awesome. Your good is not their good.

It is as if they were born freezing and never recovered. They come from an Ice Age and their blood is still cold.

They are rigid robots. Muscular truth can take them down.

This article first appeared at NoMoreFakeNews.com.

Why Big Pharma Suppresses Natural Healing; 17:27 min.

Why Big Pharma Suppresses Natural Healing; 17:27 min.
https://youtu.be/ykrJVAGxcwo
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-- No. 3 cause of death is USA Healthcare system. And, they themselves admit its due to "mistakes". Who wants to pay for that?
-- No. 4 cause of death is "side-effects" from properly prescribed and used pharma drugs. Hardly as rare as Big Pharma/Networks claim.

No.1 and 2 cause of death are due to inferior treatments of Pharma and US Healtcare system, also.
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Clovis Tobermory • a day ago
US pharmaceutical market is worth $446 billion dollars. I'm concerned that they might try to control or influence our news media and members of Congress. The global fossil fuel industry is worth $4.65 trillion dollars. ExxonMobile alone is worth $425 billion. The Koch brothers are worth $41.1 billion. It's a good thing that none of them have any motive or interest in controlling or influencing our news or politicians when it comes to tax loopholes, fossil fuel subsidies or the danger of anthropogenic global warming.
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Medicine Man • a day ago
Everyone should get a copy of Indian Herbalogy of North America buy Alma R Hutchens.
Get diagnosis from doctor, but treat condition yourself. I have helped many people. I literally
had someone treated for cancer, but hair did not fall out from chemo, because herbs we gave person
healed them. Also cancer the forbidden cures is a must see on Youtube. Book is very well laid out, though you may have to learn some new words because book uses older terms for diseases, not the made up new ones they use to confuse you. I've seen so many people with bad skin, yet they never realize all it takes is vitamin b complex to help clear up skin.
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50% of the worlds pharmaceuticals are consumed by the US alone..
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Kim Paddock • 2 days ago
That's why I sued Gov. Butch Otter in federal court. He took federal funding that stated that he couldn't stop hemp products including CBD oil from crossing into Idaho and being for sale here. But he did and threatened anyone publicly who tried to bring in CBD oil with arrest. In turn he took money and gifts from GW Pharmaceutical to promote their CBD "drug" Epidiolex. Otter vetoed to CBD oil bill in Idaho in 2015. He received maximum donations from GW Pharma in 2014 but failed to file his donations with the state of Idaho for 2015, 2016, and 2017. He worked in concert with Elisha Figuroa, drug czar and Dr. Robert Wechsler to make sure that the CBD bill was vetoed and that they would financially benefit. Dr. Wechsler took some $224,000.00 from GW Pharma for "research" of their drug Epidiolex. It was supposed to be a 5 year study but Weschler said ahead of time that the drug would be approved much sooner. And guess what? It,s already up for approval at the FDA. WAKE UP!
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Nigella Sativa • 2 days ago
BIG PHARMA - THE BIG LIE - THE BIG THEFT AND GIGANTIC DECEPTION: Medical scientists fully understand that this is the truth and is BIGGEST EXPOURSE you need to discover for yourself and that is that nearly all of
western medicine was stolen from the Indus valley civilization as written in Sanskrit. Over 4,000 years ago
medicine was extracted from plant oils by the Hindus (of Indus river valley - Harrapa - Mohenjo daro). The
British are the Jewish English (BRIT MILAH-circucision cult) in 1600- 1800s translated all the great medical
books of the Hindus and from this they learned all the medicinal plant oil,their extracts and surgical
procedures - Want the proof? To quickly start get free English copies of the Sushrita Samita, Chrakra Samita
and some of the original books on Ayurveda (medical science), thier oils and medicine. This is where all the
medicine comes from as it was said "let food be your medicine and medicine be your food". The People of India
eat medicine every day.Want to know the greatest of them? - it is called Nigella sativa (awesome cures for
MS,the cancers, VD, Chlamidiya (sterilizes people) , neurological related and other diseases. The reason the
British want to destroy the middle east is to destroy the true history of western orgins (Encyclopeia
Britannica is a lot of fiction) and the medical and medicinal education and make sure they sell you worthless
poison as medicine that in fact is killig many and making you sick. They are doing to the same to the Chinese
and people of India now by rewriting medicine. Go into PubMed site, the NIH free medical reports database and
study that (has worldwide studies going back 200+ years) your tax dollars have paid for. Nigella sativa and
other essential oils are in this database. Awesome information medical information pass it on. Yes, BIG
PHARAMA IS CRIMINAL IS A GLOBAL RACKET and MUSST BE EXPOSED. Copy paste this everywhere you can now. Learn and share and help yourself and others. let these criminals know you know, confront withi this knowledge and copy them.

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DigLeigh • 2 days ago
Thanks for all you do Jon Rappaport! You have been ringing the alarm bell for decades...Some of us heard, researched on our own, and came to learn new things, even as an 18 yr. R.N. We appreciate your work, and most likely persecution endured for decades ,though you perservered....You are a saint, and a courageous soul....My whole family thanks you for your courage, and faith to continue!!God speed!
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5613 jk Christa • 2 days ago
The spirit of this world. Public common core, and purposeful globalist contaminants back when I was one cell dividing into two. Jewish poison pill hack psychoatry drugging of the youth of the nation full body brain internal assassination. These drugs with fast food plastifatting 240 pounds at 15 in 10th grade with high cholesterol. Discriminated against throughout school for seeing through common core instinctively from a YOUNG age and subsequently telling everyone no. Progressively disenfranchized by feminized liberal status quo up through age 30, just now getting over decades of western social engineering. You could give an ounce of gold with a 20 word anonymous letter to a successful millennial woman and let her be free and it wouldn't be enough. They're all publicly schooled, and will not think of let alone tell surburb survivor's effort from new world order money normie boy. Boys drug shove mess made of while girls the c0ck carousel. You work gas station instead of getting around to your massage school job to witness what boomers are actually like with the money they have to heal by massage. Because assisting their cigarette based die off is far too valuable. You also can't take two jobs yet to go comment online instead. All No Thanks to not common core, but public school.

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Neil Dixon • 2 days ago
Our entire reality is a hoax. Hopefully we all realize this at some point and get rid of these individuals. It may take an intervention from God to halt this corruption on a scale like this.

3
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Proud_Deplorable • 2 days ago
Took a sick day recently and watched television until I could no longer tolerate watching the pharma companies push their latest brand of pills designed to cure everything from cancer to heart disease to sexual impotence (which I fear is now a problem for me after watching their commercials ad nauseum for several hours), to toe nail fungus. If you feel fine before watching, you will be calling 911 when finished.

Use Cannabis because it is proven to heal people ......

Smokey 420 • 2 days ago

Folks this is why I would rather use Cannabis because it is proven to heal people and that is why the governments of men want it to remain illegal for us but not them because they know this green herb that God created for us for the healing of the nations would put theses mass murderers out of business due to them losing money because Big Pharma knows that nobody will buy their poison pills anymore because people will forsake Big Pharma's poisons and use a green herb which is the healing herb of the nations.

That is the real reason on why Cannabis is illegal because the governments of men and Big Pharma cannot profit off what God created for us to be used for free.

It is God himself who gave us this right to use every herb bearing seed, which is upon the face of all the earth, and every tree, in the which is the fruit of a tree yielding seed; to shall be used and yet the governments of men and Big Pharma wants us to obey them and not God.

It is written:

29 And God said, Behold, I have given you every herb bearing seed, which is upon the face of all the earth, and every tree, in the which is the fruit of a tree yielding seed; to you it shall be for meat.

30 And to every beast of the earth, and to every fowl of the air, and to every thing that creepeth upon the earth, wherein there is life, I have given every green herb for meat: and it was so.

31 And God saw every thing that he had made, and, behold, it was very good. And the evening and the morning were the sixth day.

Genesis
chapter 1
verse 29 through verse 31

Right there shows that the governments of men and Big Pharma pass unrighteous decrees in order to force us to reject what God made in order for them to force people to worship those in the governments of men and Big Pharma who come to steal, kill and destroy through mass murder through mass poisoning of the public which is evil in God's eyes.

US Medical System Kills One Million Americans Per Decade; 10:36 min.; CC-Ima Google prevod!

US Medical System Kills One Million Americans Per Decade; 10:36 min.; CC-Ima Google prevod!
https://youtu.be/oAV5B8Vq4WQ

The Alex Jones Channel
Published on Dec 28, 2017
SUBSCRIBE 2.2M
Jon Rappoport breaks down the corruption of the global medical cartel.

Help us spread the word about the liberty movement, we're reaching millions help us reach millions more. Share the free live video feed link with your friends & family:
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nitajo45
21 hours ago
Stuff like this makes me afraid to even think about going to a doctor.... their oath is first do no harm, but ...
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Robin McAdam
21 hours ago
message consisting of a set of ten guidelines or principles is engraved on the Georgia Guidestones[8] in eight different languages, one language on each face of the four large upright stones. Moving clockwise around the structure from due north, these languages are: English, Spanish, Swahili, Hindi, Hebrew, Arabic, Chinese, and Russian.

Maintain humanity under 500,000,000 in perpetual balance with nature.
Guide reproduction wisely — improving fitness and diversity.
Unite humanity with a living new language.
Rule passion — faith — tradition — and all things with tempered reason.
Protect people and nations with fair laws and just courts.
Let all nations rule internally resolving external disputes in a world court.
Avoid petty laws and useless officials.
Balance personal rights with social duties.
Truth — beauty — love — seeking harmony with the infinite.
Be not a cancer on the earth — Leave room for nature — Leave room for nature.
-John King
21 hours ago
Oh... there's a "System"?
What sort of system is that??
Big Pharma and Medical Devices Companies killing Advancements with their Lobbyists?
Here's an example.
A Virus can be Stopped with AntiViral Drugs.
The ADA can't stop a Bacteria...
Too busy making the next Tooth Scraper while Medical Device Companies are cranking out Fake Teeth.

That E.O. that President Trump put out should include these Criminals also.
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L Esty
21 hours ago
They supply the world. Maybe this is why my sister went through such a terrible death using kemo, and I mean horrific, bleeding out at the end. Who would know. Thank you for this info. Hope this reaches everyone considering kemo. Knew it had a toxic substance, but completely poisonous? All peoples approving this death sentence in all countries should be held accountable (or take 25, 30 or more) treatments.
-SLACKER614
20 hours ago (edited)
my wife died at age 56, due to non detection of heart disease..by her Dr.....my wife begged her Dr for a heart stress test, it was finally approved and she died on same day test was scheduled...she was white & 56 years old...in other words, a category that doesn't matter anymore..
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Sara C
21 hours ago
I was told I tested positive for the highest risk cancer cells, while I was pregnant. I told my Dr that I would research and get back to her. Well I looked up the procedure she wanted to do that was "safe" in her own words and MAYO clinic said it can cause miscarriage. SO my Dr was going to do a safe procedure that can cause miscarriage to see if i had cancer...... I told her hell no. Then I waited my WHOLE pregnancy to see if I had cancer. They came in for the appointment 6 weeks postpartum with PLIERS to cut my cervix and said OK we ARE DOING A BIOPSY TODAY. AGAIN I said NO WAY. Then they just tested to see if the cancer cells were still there. THEY WERE GONE!!! GONE! STILL GONE! IF I would have let them biopsy me I WOULD BE DEAD!
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Glenda Dawson
16 hours ago
I took a drug for lupus 5 yrs ago... never been the same since. Now I have cancer pre cursors and a blood disorder and my lungs are gone. Like someone flipped a switch. I am beginning to believe there is truth to the saying, when you become ill, the powers that be, start putting their hand on your back pushing while your toes are at the edge
US Medical System Kills One Million Americans Per Decade
https://youtu.be/oAV5B8Vq4WQ

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3312698/

J Nat Sci Biol Med. 2011 Jan-Jun; 2(1): 43–49.

doi: 10.4103/0976-9668.82318

PMCID: PMC3312698

Immunity over inability: The spontaneous regression of cancer

Thomas Jessy

Author information ► Copyright and License information ►

This article has been cited by other articles in PMC.

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Abstract

The spontaneous healing of cancer is a phenomenon that has been observed for hundreds and thousands of years and after having been the subject of many controversies, it is now accepted as an indisputable fact. A review of past reports demonstrates that regression is usually associated with acute infections, fever, and immunostimulation. It is stated that in 1891, William Coley of New York's Memorial Hospital developed the most effective single-agent anticancer therapy from nature, which faded into oblivion for various reasons. Cancer therapies have been standardized and have improved since Coley's day, but surprisingly modern cancer patients do not fare better than patients treated 50 or more years ago as concluded by researchers in 1999. This article peeks into the history of immunostimulation and the role of innate immunity in inducing a cure even in advanced stages of malignancy. The value of Coley's observation is that rather than surviving additional years with cancer, many of the patients who received his therapy lived the rest of their lives without cancer. In our relentless efforts to go beyond nature to fight cancer, we often overlook the facts nature provides to heal our maladies.

Keywords: Acute infections, Coley's toxins, cancer, fever, immunostimulation, spontaneous regression

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INTRODUCTION

The word spontaneous implies “without any apparent cause,”[1] and regression is defined as a decrease in the size of the tumor or in the extent of cancer in the body according to the national cancer institute (NCI).[2] Spontaneous regression occurs in most types of cancer and was recorded in the medical literature as early as 1742.[3] The standard definition of spontaneous regression as “the partial or complete disappearance of a malignant tumor in the absence of treatment or in the presence of therapy considered inadequate to exert a significant influence on the disease” was composed by Dr. Tilden Everson and Dr. Warren Cole in the 1960s,[4] with the further requirement that the original presence of cancer was proven by the microscopic examination of tissues.[5]

Spontaneous regression of cancer is not a rare occurrence as thought to be; in an average month during 2002, medical journals published more than four articles on the subject.[6]

Cancer is probably the deadliest of human ailments. Cancer fatalities account for 12% of all deaths worldwide each year.[7] Across the globe, 10 million people are diagnosed with cancer annually and almost 7 million die from cancer. The global cancer rates could increase to 15 million by 2020.[8]

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HISTORY OF SPONTANEOUS REGRESSION

Spontaneous tumor regression is a phenomenon that has been observed for hundreds if not thousands of years. Although the term spontaneous implies “without any apparent cause,” a review of reports demonstrates that regression generally coincides with acute infections.[1] Savarrio et al claimed to report the first ever case of spontaneous regression of a neoplasm of the oral cavity of the subset of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas known as Ki-1 anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). King et al. reported a case of complete spontaneous regression of metastatic cutaneous melanoma with parotid and neck lymph node metastases.[9]

The phenomenon of spontaneous regression is also known as St. Peregrine tumor. Peregrine Laziozi (1265–1345), a young priest, was afflicted with cancer of the tibia requiring amputation of the leg; the lesion grew to a point where it broke through the skin and became severely infected. Miraculously, by the time his operation was due his physician was astonished to observe that there were no signs of the tumor. St. Peregrine's tumor never returned.[7,10] Although numerous cases of spontaneous tumor regression have been published over the last several hundreds of years, such reports have become rare in the current medical literature;[1] virtually all of these reports note regression concomitant with infections including diphtheria, gonorrhea, hepatitis, influenza, malaria, measles, smallpox, syphilis, and tuberculosis as well as various other pyogenic and nonpyogenic infections. Observation of this non-specific effect led to the emergence of active cancer immunotherapies by the 1700s.[1,11]

In 1891, a young bone surgeon at New York Memorial Hospital began his search for a new approach to cancer treatment, after the loss of his very first patient to cancer. Serendipitously, he discovered the record of an immigrant patient who presented with an egg-size sarcoma on his left cheek.[10] The sarcoma was operated on twice and still recurred as a 4.5-inch grape-like cluster below his left ear. The extensive wound after surgery could not be closed and skin grafts were unsuccessful. Ironically, this failure to close the wound would play a key part in the patient's eventual cure. The tumor progressed and a final operation only partially removed the tumor; the wound became severely infected with erysipelas by Streptococcus pyogenes and the patient developed a high fever. Little could be done to stop the infection, yet surprisingly, after each attack of fever the ulcer improved; the tumor shrank, and finally disappeared completely. On a subsequent review, the patient, still bearing a large scar from his previous operations, had no trace of cancer and claimed excellent health since his discharge– 7 years previously.[10,12]

Coley suspected that somehow the infection was responsible for the miraculous cure. He later realized that the patient's activated immunity in response to the acute infection was the key factor in cancer regression. He decided to put his theory to the test and infected his next 10 patients with erysipelas.[12,13] Problems with this approach soon became apparent; sometimes it was difficult to induce an infection, other times there was a strong reaction and the disease regressed. However, occasionally, the infection was fatal. Due to its unpredictability, he developed a vaccine containing two killed bacteria, the Gram-positive Streptococcus pyogenes and the Gram-negative Serratia marcescens. Experimental work at the time suggested that the latter bacteria increased the virulence of the former.[14] In this way, he could simulate an infection with inflammation, chills, and fever without worrying about the risks of an actual infection. This vaccine became known as “Coley's toxins.” Coley stressed that the technique of administration and the ability of the vaccine to induce mild to moderate fever was of paramount importance in the regression of cancer.[15,1] He successfully used his vaccine, in treating a man bedridden with an inoperable sarcoma involving the abdominal wall, pelvis, and bladder. The sarcoma regressed completely and the patient was followed up until his death from a heart attack 26 years later.[16]

Coley worked in the Department of Bone Service at the hospital, later becoming its chief in 1915, and her fathers discovery was further pioneered by Helen Coley Nauts Coley's vaccine was widely and successfully used by other contemporaries for sarcomas as well as carcinomas, lymphomas, melanomas, and myelomas.[17] Coley's immunotherapy regimen was so outstanding that even when applied to patients in their final stages of disease, some remarkable recoveries were obtained, with patients often outliving their cancer.[17,18] Coley was considered to have treated more sarcoma patients than any other physician up to that time.[17]

STIMULATED IMMUNOTHERAPY

Martha Tracy who formulated many of Coley's vaccine observed that the most effective formulation was the one that induced both local and systemic reactions.[19]

Coley considered several points crucial to a patient's survival. First and foremost was to simulate a naturally occurring acute infection, and thus, inducing a fever was essential. Injections were optimally administered daily or every other day for the first month or two. To avoid immune tolerance to the vaccine, the dosage was gradually increased over time depending on the patient response. The vaccine was injected directly into the primary tumor and metastases when accessible. Finally, a minimum 6-month course of weekly injections was followed to prevent disease recurrence. Ensuring a prolonged follow-up was the most difficult part of the treatment.[20]

In the past, coincidental infections had in fact inspired a wide variety of rudimentary cancer immunotherapies. Coley also discovered that many past physicians had used these infections to the advantage of their patients. Cancer immunotherapy was practiced thousands of years ago. In the writings of the Ebers Papyrus (c 1550 BC), attributed to the great Egyptian physician Imhotep (c 2600 BC), the recommended treatment for tumors (swellings) was a poultice followed by an incision which would result in infection of the tumor and therefore its regression.[21] By the 1700 and 1800 AD, crude forms of cancer immunotherapy became widely known and accepted.[1]

Before Coley's discovery of his killed vaccines, using live bacteria to initiate an infection was a risky experiment between life and death. Coley emphasized that the induction of fever was the key aspect of his treatment, a strong febrile reaction was the symptom most associated with tumor regression. A retrospective study of the patients with inoperable soft tissue sarcomas treated with Coley's vaccine found a superior 5-year survival in patients whose fevers averaged 38–40°C, compared with those having little or no fever (38°C) during treatment (60% vs. 20%).[22]

The greatest value of Coley's Toxins is evident in the lives of patients who received the therapy. Rather than surviving additional years with cancer, many of these patients lived the rest of their lives without cancer.[23,24]

The last recorded use of Coley's Toxins anywhere in the world was in China in the 1980s as a primary therapy for cancer in an adult male who had terminal liver cancer involving large tumors in both lobes of the liver; he received 68 injections of Coley's Toxins in 34 weeks. By the end of this course of treatment, all of the tumors had completely regressed.[25]

To most members of the medical community, non-surgical approaches to the treatment of cancer were simply of little interest. While most readers ignored Coley's articles, a number of independently minded doctors began to make use of the new cancer treatment. Before the turn of the 20th century, at least 42 physicians from Europe and North America had reported cases of cancer that had been successfully treated with Coley's Toxins.[26]

Stimulated immunotherapies ran a natural death in the latter half of the 20th century due to a number of reasons. First, with the newer concept of asepsis, cancer surgery like any other operation became a sterile procedure with fewer postsurgical infections especially after Lister's aseptic techniques in the late 1800s. Second, by the time of Coley's death in 1936, radiotherapy was an established treatment for cancer and chemotherapy was slowly gaining acceptance. Such therapies though highly immunosuppressive could more easily be standardized than Coley's approach. Third, the administration of antibiotics further reduced the incidence of postsurgical infections and antipyretics came into routine use to eliminate fever and discomforting symptoms of an immune response, and the lastly due to an unfavorable approach of the medical industrial regulatory complex of the 1960s.[10,26]

Cancer therapies have been standardized and have improved since Coley's day, but these improvements in treatment have resulted for the most part in prolonging the disease rather than curing it. For example, when the American Cancer Society claims, “Today, far more than half of all cancers are curable,”[27] it is referring to the fact that about 60% of patients diagnosed with cancer during the period 1989–96 survived for at least 5 years.[28] According to the National Cancer Institute, the 5-year survival rate includes persons who survive for 5 years after diagnosis, whether in remission, disease-free state, or under treatment.[29] This concept is far away from the ideal of achieving a cure for a disease-free state.[30] To this day, earlier diagnosis is the single most important contributing factor in the observed increase in 5-year survival rates.[26] Presently, the medical literature has dropped its duration of cancer survival rates from an older standard of 5 years to a mere 3 years and hence is the increase in the percentage of survival rates.[31]

Though modern therapies have added some years to the life of the average cancer patient, they have not reduced the patient's chances of dying from the disease. In fact, a resident of the United States is more likely to die of cancer today (225.4 per 100,000) than in 1950s (195.4 per 100,000).[32,26]

The primary cancer therapies, namely, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, widely accepted and practiced have their own pitfalls. The risks, deficiencies, cost, specialized skills, and medical ethics are often associated with these procedures. Even surgery, the most acceptable of the three in treatment of most tumors, has resulted in an ethical dilemma. Every time an incision is made into cancerous tumor, with even the least invasive type of incision called the needle biopsy, there is a risk of spreading the disease due to cancer cells entering the bloodstream or becoming implanted in the surrounding tissue. There are at least 10 published cases of tumors arising along the route taken by a biopsy needle.[26] Surgical excision usually done with an intention to cure also removes the protective barrier or the wall, body builds itself to protect itself from cancer metastasis. Surgery and the subsequent healing process greatly increases the risk of death by metastasis in certain cancer patients by disrupting tumor integrity, facilitating metastasis, directly seeding the tumor, inducing local angiogenesis, immune suppression, and enhancement of tumor growth.[33] Surgical stress also greatly enhances metastasis by increasing the expression of proteinases in the target organ of metastasis, metastasis being the primary concern of fatality in cancer patients.[34]

The effects of radiation are often temporary and have little impact on survival rates. One study of 3,000 breast cancer patients found that those receiving radiation in addition to surgery did no better than patients who received surgery alone.[28] The great disadvantage of radiation therapy is the same as that with surgery; it is simply not effective in the control of widely spread cancer. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy to some extent are highly immunosuppressive and therefore infections in these patients do not lead to any immunostimulation. Addition of antibiotics further deprives these patients of the benefits of an immune response and subsequent regression if any.[26]

Chemotherapy for head and neck cancer may result in a temporary reduction in the tumor size but has not translated into increased survival, control of the primary tumor, or decreased incidence of metastasis.[31] The FDA has approved more than 80 anticancer drugs, 40 of which are chemotherapeutic agents. These drugs interfere with cell division, an essential activity of the immune system, thereby profoundly suppressing the magnitude and the effectiveness of immune responses.[35,36] Hence the ability of the body to protect itself against an existing cancer is weakened; they are also neocarcinogenic which can lead to the development of new cancers that did not exist prior to the administration of chemotherapy.[26]

To effectively control the spread of cancer after the destruction or removal of the primary tumor, a systemic therapy is needed that can be delivered to the entire body that can destroy cancer wherever it might be lurking. This can be delivered by an active immune system of the patient by activating its immense potential.

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Figure 1

DISCUSSION

Spontaneous regression is a well-authenticated and natural phenomenon. Its study may lead us to a better understanding of the natural history of neoplastic disease which so commonly progresses but rarely regresses.[37] The comparative rarity of spontaneous regressions today may result from the immunosuppressive nature of conventional cancer therapies.[1] The spontaneous healing of cancer, after having been the subject of many controversies, is now accepted as an indisputable fact. The percentage of spontaneous regression as quoted by Boyers is 1 in 80,000 and 1 in 100,000 by Bashford; it may be subjected to criticism but proves a remarkable fact that cancer is not an irreversible process.[38]

Regression is more commonly associated with groups of tumors like the embryonal tumors in children, carcinoma of the female breast, chorionepithelioma, adenocarcinoma of the kidney, neuroblastoma, malignant melanoma, sarcomas, and carcinoma of the bladder and skin.[38]

The impediment toward the spontaneous healing of cancer is due to the failure of recognition of cancer cells as non-self and dangerous by our immune system and hence it's subsequent escape to establish the disease, as well as the nature of contemporary cancer therapies which trigger metastasis, suppress immune responses as well as compound any existing immune deficiency. The other major drawback is that primary cancer therapies especially the systemic ones are unable to differentiate between normal and abnormal, and therein lies their potential to harm.[26] The disturbance of tumor such as biopsy and surgical procedures cause a greatly increased number of cancer cells to enter the bloodstream, while most medical intervention (especially chemotherapy) suppresses the immune system. This combination is a recipe for disaster. It is the metastases that kill, while primary tumors in general, and those in the breast in particular, can be relatively harmless. These findings have been con-firmed by recent research which shows that surgery, even if unrelated to the cancer, can trigger an explosive spread of metastases and lead to an untimely end.[39]

So how can we help our system recognize tumor cells as “tumor cells” and aid in natural and biologic defence against cancer.

Infectious agents are present in nature that can cause cancer but we should also remember the dual role they play in preventing cancer. Acute infectious agents are a natural source of immunostimulants that challenge our immune system from time to time as well as pep it up to confront newer challenges evolution brings about like cancer.[40,41] [Figure 1] Cancer is a disease that springs up from within; it is a disease of our genes and inherited or acquired deficiencies in genome maintenance systems contribute significantly to the onset of cancer.[42] Though all of us develop cancer cells in our life time, not all of us develop cancer. The proportion of risk of cancer varies from person to person and the individuals’ exposure to common febrile infections as shown by epidemiologic studies. What helps the majority safe guard against cancer? Do acute infections have a direct and spontaneous role in the prevention and regression of cancer?[43]

Immunostimulation in cancer regression

As early as 1899, British cancer researcher D’Arcy Power observed, “Where malaria is common, cancer is rare.”[44] Between 1929 and 1991, at least 15 investigations including 8 case–control studies examined the link between infectious disease and cancer and all but one have found that a history of infectious disease reduces the risk of cancer.[41,28]

Since spontaneous regression is often associated with a previous history of acute infections and fever, it is likely that fever-causing pathogens have a beneficial role to play in activating and stimulating the immune defenses which battle the invading pathogens as well as gain a new-found recognition of cancer cells and attack them vigorously. Fever whether natural (acute infections) or induced (Coley's Toxins) stimulate a multitude of cascading, interlinking, and complex pathways of the immune system simultaneously releasing numerous products in the right quantity and qualities to combat the disease which may not be humanly possible to reproduce in vitro. This may explain why single cytokine therapy or immune products don’t give desirable results in cancer therapy, besides being expensive, toxic, and at times fatal due to the unnatural challenge they pose to the human system.[40,10]

The evidence and observations of rapid tumor regression following infection sometimes within hours suggest that the innate rather than the adaptive immune response is a primary mediator of tumor regression in such cases.[10] Unfortunately, even during cancer immunotherapy, an acute febrile reaction is often regarded as an unwanted symptom rather than an integral and healing component of the immune response.[1]

A review of previous reports suggests that the occurrence of fever in childhood or adulthood may protect against the later onset of malignant disease and that spontaneous remissions are often preceded by feverish infections. Pyrogenic substances and a more recent use of whole body hyperthermia to mimic the physiologic response to fever have successfully been administered in palliative and curative treatment protocols for metastatic cancer.[40]

Acute infections and fever provoke an immediate and effective immune response that can fight infectious agents as well as cancer at the same time; similarly Coley's Toxins were a highly effective anticancer treatment because they worked by stimulating a powerful immune response. By itself, a powerful immune response is sufficient to cure some cancers in some patients but cannot cure all cancers in all patients. A powerfully stimulated immune system is only part of the answer because cancer cells are frequently able to hide from the immune system. The immune system cannot kill what it cannot see.[26] The failure of the immune system to recognize cancer cells in the system is the major setback we face in our fight against cancer and this is compounded by the duality of the immune system of defense and repair; in the reparative mode the immune system can promote cancer growth in its attempt to repair what it perceives as a “sterile wound.”[Figure 2] This can be overcome by the generation of inflammatory products during an episode of fever, be it natural or simulated (Coley's Toxins), when the well-studied defensive role becomes active at the onset of an acute infection, where cytotoxic cells seek out and destroy invading pathogens.[1,45]

Figure 2

The dual nature of defense and repair of the immune system and its effects

Uwe Hobohm has recently observed about Coley's Toxins that the following cascade might explain their effectiveness: “Fever generates inflammatory factors with co-stimulatory activity, which activate resting dendritic cells (DC), leading to the activation of anergic T cells, maybe accomplished by a second process, where a possible physical damage of cancer cells leads to a sudden supply of cancer antigens to DC.” In other words, fever is a state in which body's own antigen recognition mechanism turns on to such a high level of activity that it becomes capable of recognizing cancer and microbial invaders. Specialized cells like the dendritic cells then communicate the identity of the pathogen to lymphocytes to establish active immunity against stealth diseases. Fever plays a beneficial role when body's immunity is challenged, and helps in the natural destruction of cancer cells. Cellular damage occurs only at temperatures above 108°F, but much good is accomplished at lower temperatures.[16,46]

Acute inflammatory responses have also benefited terminal cancer patients in the reduction of cancer pain as well as fast wound healing. As observed by Coley, the immunological stimulation by his toxins led to a marked relief of pain, so that patients could often discontinue using narcotics. There was an extraordinary enhancement of wound healing and even bone regeneration when the toxins were injected into the tumors.[19] Similar observations on infectious amelioration of cancer pain and enhancement of wound healing have been reported by others.[47]

The recent 6-year Norwegian follow-up study on breast cancer in women also accepts the fact of natural regression in one-fifth of the untreated cases that were followed up; the authors concluded that this may reflect the fact that these cancers are rarely allowed to follow their natural course.[48]

It is interesting to note that the current primary cancer management procedures neither harness the benefits of patients’ own immune system nor stimulate it to achieve tumor regression but actively suppress it; thus it does not run parallel to body's own defensive mechanisms but opposes its natural role. An ideal cancer management would involve the stimulation of the immune system, its complex effective and reproducible in vivo mechanisms that fight cancer. Acute infections are beneficial in the prevention and regression of tumors. In conclusion, childhood febrile infections can prevent cancer in adulthood. Asepsis, fever control, surgery, and immunosuppressive therapies are known to have an inverse relation to cancer regression, while acute infection, fever, and cancer vaccines by the virtue of immunostimulation induce regression of cancer even in the most advanced stage of disease and prove that cancer is not an irreversible process without a cure.[1,43]

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Footnotes

Source of Support: Nil.

Conflict of Interest: None declared.

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